Background

In ProTOp reference nodes can be used to define FE nodes of special interest. More precisely, they can be used to:

• define the target value of a particular displacement component for the topology optimization process and
• get more precise insight into the displacement components of these FE nodes.

It is important to note that the topology optimizer removes material. This means that as the FEs become void, the same is true also for the FE nodes. When a reference node becomes void, its corresponding displacements are considered to be zero. Thus, when engaging a reference node for targeting in topology optimization, make sure that this node does not become void during optimization.

IMPORTANT. Make sure that a reference node used for targeting does not become void during topology optimization.

An easy way to ensure this is by defining and using reference nodes that belong to any fixed material region.

█ Targeting reference nodes displacements

In topology optimization, to target a specific displacement component of a particular reference node, do the following:

• Select the Ref node value target type and enter the desired target value.
• Select the desired reference node from the drop-down combo box.
• Select the desired reference node displacement component.
• Select the desired load case.

Figure. Topology optimization by targeting reference node displacement.

█ Monitoring reference nodes displacements

To view all displacement components of all reference nodes, go to the Response fields tool and select the option of displaying an individual load case. The Reference node values ... data grid displays individual displacement components and von Mises stress of all reference nodes.

Figure. Displacement components and von Mises stress of reference nodes.